Windmill



(No Model.) 3 Sheets Sheet 1 'A. H. CARPENTER.

WINDMILL.

No. 406,259. Patented July 2,-1889.

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WINDMILL. I I No. 406,259. Patented July 2, 1889..

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UNITED STATES PATENT O FICE.

AMOS H. CARPENTER, OF XVATERFORD, VERMONT.

WINDMILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 406,259, dated July 2, 1889.

Application filed January 6, 1888. Serial No. 259,950. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AMos H. CARPENTER, of Waterford, in the county of Caledonia, State of Vermont, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in \Vindmills, of which the following is a description sufficiently full, clear, and exact to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which said invention appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawlngs, forming part of this specification, in which Figure l is a side elevation of my improved windmill, a portion of the main shaft and tower being represented as removed and certain parts shown in section; Fig. 2, aside elevation of one of the float-shafts with its floats and tappet-arms in position for use; Fig. 3, plan views showing the construction of the anti-friction bearings; Fig. 4, a top plan view taken on or near the line m 00 in Fig. 1, the main shaft and tail-piece being shown in section; Figs. 5, 6, and 7, views showmg certain details of construction; Fig. 8, a side elevation showing a modification of the lmprovement.

Like letters and figures of reference indicate corresponding parts in the different figures of the drawings.

My invention relates to that class of windmills which are provided with feathering floats or blades; and it consists in certain novel features, as hereinafter fully set forth and claimed, the object being to produce a simpler, cheaper, more effective, and othererwise desirable device of this character than is now in ordinary use.

The nature and operation of the improvement will be readily understood by all conversant with such matters from the following explanation.

In the drawings, A represents the tower or frame-work on which the driving mechanism 1s supported, and B the main shaft, which is arranged vertically in the box or bearing 0. Disposed on the main shaft and firmly secured thereto by set-screws b are four correspondingly-arranged hubs D. These hubs are hollow,being respectively composed of two hemispherical disks (1 f, having laterally-projecting annular flanges g at their meeting edges, which are united by bolts h, (see Figs. 5 and 6,) four boxes or bearings 1 being formed in said flanges for the reception of the floatshafts, as hereinafter described.

Between each pair of the hubs D, on the shaft 13, there is a loose collet E, provided at one side with an upwardly-projecting curved arm or cam-bar is and downwardly-proj ecting curved arm m, said arms being correspondingly inclined with respect to the shaft B. Secured to each of said oollets there is a horizontally-arranged rod F, said rods carrying at their outer ends a vertically-arranged tailpiece or steerer G. A.rod H is centrally journaled at g on a stud a, which projects vertically from the upper hub D, one end of said rod being secured to the tail-piece G and the other provided with a weight I, to counterbalance said tail-piece and prevent it from sagging. J ournaled horizontally at right angles to each other in the bearings i of each of the hubs D there are two float-shafts J. Each of said shafts is provided with a pair of floats K, the members of which are arranged at right angles to each other and firmly secured to the shaft, as best seen in Fig. 2. The shafts are also curved laterally at or near their Centers, as shown at t, the curved portions being disposed within the hubs D, and the shafts so arranged that the curve of one shaft will be at the top of the hub when the curve of the other is at the bottom, or approximately so, as shown in Fig. 1.

Two inwardly-curved tappet-arms L are mounted on each of the shafts J, one at either side of the hub D, said arms being respectively arranged in parallelism with the adjacent floats K and adjustably secured to the shaft by set-screws 'u. The ends of the hubs D and collets E are provided with annular grooves, in which are inserted a series of balls 20, to formanti-frietion bearings for the collets and also for the rod H. The lower hub D is elongated and has a disked faced at its lower end, constituting a horizontal bearin g-surface, which is provided with an annular groove 0" near its periphery. A seat N is mounted on the box 0 beneath the lower hub D, saidseat being provided with an annular groove corresponding with the groove 4", (see Fig. 3,) in

which is disposed a series of balls 10, to form an anti-friction bearing for said hub.

The obj eet of enlarging the lower portion of the lower hub D and providin git with the seat N is to strengthen or brace the shaft B when subjected to a heavy strain from the action of the wind on the superposed floats or driving mechanism.

In the use of my improvement the wind moving in the direction indicated by the arrows .2 (see Fig. 4) will strike the vertical floats K and revolve the shaft B until the curved tappetarms I. are brought into contact with one of the curved cam-bars 71; or 'm, as the case may be, on the collet E, when the float-shafts J will be partially revolved and the floats feathered in a manner that will be readily understood by all conversant with such matters without a more explicit description. The cam-bars 7a at being secured to the collets E and said collets connected by the rods F with the tail-piece G, it will be obvious that said bars will be automatically kept by the action of the wind on the tail-piece in such position with respect to the arms L and floats K as to feat-her said floats properly. The curved portions 15 of the shafts J are designed to serve as stops to prevent said shafts from being turned more than a half rotation in either direction by the action of the cam-bars 7a or m 011 the tappet-arms L. The curved portions 25 constitute semicircular arcs of equal radii and the axis of each shaft cuts the axis of the other, as shown in the section at the top of Fig. 1. Consequently a partial rotation of either shaft sufliciently to bring its curved part t into ahorizontal position, or approximately so, brings said part into contact with the other shaft at the points when the curve of that shaft begins.

If .desired, the tappet-arms may be formed integral with their adjacent floats, or the corners of the floats be extended inwardly to bring them into the path of the cam-bars, by which they are feathered, thereby accomplishing substantially the same results as by the use of the tappets.

In the modification of my improvement, as shown in Fig. 8, but one hollow hub D is employed, this being preferably secured to the upper end of the shaft B. Beneath said hub a series of solid hubs M are secured to the shaft 13 by means of the screwsj. The upper set of float-shafts are provided with curved stops t at their centers, which are disposed within the hollow hub D, as already described; but the lower floats are fitted to revolve on the outer ends of horizontally-arranged stub-shafts 23, which are rigidly secured equidistant from each other in the hubs M by set-screws 24, the lower series of floats being connected with those immediately over them by bars P. Short arms 25 project outward from the floats, and the bars P are pivoted on these arms, so that when the uppermost floats are feathered the lower ones will all be feathered in unison therewith. Ahorizontally-arranged bar F is centrally journaled on the hollow hub D, said bar being provided at one end with a tail-piece G and at the other with a counterbalance-weight I. No collets are employed, and but one cam-bar 70, which is secured to the bar F in position to engage the tappet-arms L on the upper or curved float-shafts J as the floats are revolved. Alarge collet T is secured to the shaft B over the seat N, which serves to brace said shaft in substantially the same manner as already described for the enlarged portion (Z of the lower hub D in Fig. 1.

It will be understood that the shaft I3 is to be properly connected with pumping mechanism, grinding mechanism, or any other mechanism which the mill may be designed to actuate; also, that any desired number of sets of floats may be employed.

The collets may be supported on the shaft 13 independently of the hubs, and the upper end of said shaft being steadied or braced by proper supports, if desired.

Having thus explained my invention, what I claim is- 1. In a windmill of the character described, the combination of the following instrumentalities, to wit: a main shaft, a support or bearing for said shaft, a hollow hub secured to said shaft, two float-shafts journaled at right angles to each other in said hub, two floats rigidly secured to each of said floatshafts and arranged at right angles to each other, a tappet-arm for each of said floats, said arms being secured to the float-shafts, a cam or cam-bar arranged in the pathway of said tappet-arms and fitted to revolve around said main shaft, and a tail-piece or steerer connecting with the cam-bar and adapted to present it to the tappet-arms in such a manner as to feather the floats properly in accordance with the direction of the wind, said floatshafts being curved in opposite directions at or near their centers and the curved portions disposed within said hub to serve as stops for said shafts, substantially as set forth.

2. In a windmill of the character described, the combination of the following instrumentalities, to wit: a main shaft, a bearing or support for said shaft, two hollow hubs secured to said shaft, two float-shafts journaled at right angles to each other in each of said hubs, two floats rigidly secured to each of said float-shafts and arranged at right angles to each other, a tappet-arm for each of said floats, said arms being secured to the floatshafts, a collet loosely disposed on said main shaft between said hubs, an upwardly and also a downwardly projecting cam-bar secured to said collet, and a tail-piece or steerer connected with said collet and adapted to present said cam-bars to the tappet-arms in such a manner as to feather the floats properly in accordance with the direction of the wind, said float-shafts being secured in opposite directions at or near their centers and the curved portions respectively disposed within said hubs to serve as stops for said shafts, substantially as specified.

In a windmill of the characterdescribed,

the hub D, consisting of the dish-shaped disks d f, connected by the bolts h and having the bearings i, said hub being provided with a hole for the reception of the main shaft B, substantially as specified.

4. In a windmill of the character described, the hollow hub D, composed of the connected disks d f, having the bearings 2', in combination with the shaft B, a collet fitted to revolve on said shaft, and the balls w, disposed between said hub and collet, substantially as specified.

5. In a windmill of the character described, the rod H, centrally pivoted or journaled above the hub D,.in combination with a movable cam-bar as 75, said rod being connected at one end with the tail-piece G and provided at the other with the counterbalancin g-Weight I, substantially as specified.

6. In a windmill of the character described, the main shaft 13, a bearing or support for said shaft, a hollow hub secured to said shaft, two float-shafts journaled at right angles to each other in said hub, two floats rigidly secured to each of said :fl oat-shafts and arranged at right angles to each other, atappet-arln for each of said floats, said arms being Secured to the float-shafts, means, substantially as deway of said tappet-arins and adapted to be revolved by the wind around said main shaft, and a tail-piece or steerer connnecting With said cam-bar and adaptedto present it to the tappet-arms in such a manner as to feather the floats properly in accordance with the direction of the wind, substantially as set forth.

7. In a windmill of the character described, the rod F, centrally pivoted over the hub D and provided With a cam or cam-bar 7c, tail piece G, and counter-balance I, in combination with the main shaft B and float-shafts J, said float-shafts being journaled in said hub and provided with the tappet-arms L, substantially as set forth.

AMOS H. CARPENTER.

lVitnesses:

O. M. SHAW, E. M. SPINNEY. 

